Factors In£uencing the Bioavailability of Peroral Formulations of Drugs for Dogs

The oral route is presently the preferred route of drug delivery. Poor oral bioavailability results in variable concentrations of drugs in the plasma and variable pharmacological responses, in addition to higher product costs. The unique canine physiology, anatomy and biochemistry makes designing canine dosage forms a challenging exercise. This article reviews the physicochemical, physiological, pharmacokinetic, pharmacological and formulation factors that can in£uence the drug availability of the oral formulations in dogs in an e¡ort to provide a source of data to aid development of canine drug products with superior bioavailability.